Recent detections of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI H5N1), commonly known as bird flu, in wild birds in New Zealand have raised concerns for animal health. In July 2026, the H5N1 strain was confirmed in a brown skua and a kāhu (swamp harrier hawk), marking its first appearance in the country. While the immediate risk to the public is low, cat owners should be aware of the potential risks to their pets and the steps they can take to keep them safe.
Can Cats Contract Bird Flu?
Yes, cats are susceptible to H5N1 infection, though cases are considered RARE. They appear to be particularly vulnerable to severe illness if they do become infected, which can be fatal. Infection typically occurs through direct or indirect contact with infected birds.
How Cats Can Get Infected
The primary risk for cats comes from exposure to infected wild birds. Transmission can occur through:
- Direct Contact: Interacting with sick or dead infected birds.
- Ingestion: Hunting, scavenging, or eating infected birds.
- Contaminated Environments: Contact with surfaces, soil, or water contaminated with the droppings or respiratory secretions of infected birds.
- Infected Food Products: Consuming unpasteurized milk or raw/undercooked poultry meat has been identified as a source of infection in cats overseas.
Symptoms of Bird Flu in Cats
Pet owners should monitor their cats for any signs of illness, especially if they have outdoor access. The clinical signs of avian influenza in cats can develop rapidly and may include:
- High fever
- Lethargy and depression
- Loss of appetite
- Respiratory signs such as coughing, sneezing, or difficulty breathing
- Conjunctivitis (eye discharge and redness)
- Neurological symptoms like wobbliness, tremors, or seizures in severe cases
If you notice any of these signs, especially after potential exposure to wild birds, it is important to contact your veterinarian immediately and isolate the affected cat from other pets. These signs as similar to many other problems in cats – please dont immediately panic.
How to Protect Your Cat from Bird Flu
The Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) and veterinary experts recommend several preventative measures to minimize the risk to your pets:
- Keep Cats Indoors: The most effective way to prevent exposure is to keep your cat indoors, which stops them from hunting or coming into contact with wild birds.
- Supervise Outdoor Access: If your cat goes outside, ideally supervise them closely and keep them on a leash to prevent interaction with wildlife. This is not practical for many NZ cats, of course!
- Avoid Contact with Wild Birds: Do not allow your pets to approach, touch, or play with sick or dead birds.
- Secure Food and Water: Prevent wild birds from accessing your pet’s outdoor food and water bowls.
- Practice Good Hygiene: Regularly clean and disinfect any items that are kept outside. Wash your hands thoroughly after being outdoors.
- Review Your Cat’s Diet: Avoid feeding your cat raw poultry meat or unpasteurized (raw) milk, as these have been linked to infections.
Bird Flu: Public Health Advice
The official advice is to keep your distance from sick or dead wildlife. If you find a group of three or more sick or dead wild birds, you should report it immediately to the Biosecurity New Zealand hotline at 0800 80 99 66. Do not touch or attempt to move the birds yourself.
